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One of the Expert Interpretations | Improving the Implementation of Energy Conservation Review and Carbon Emission Assessment Systems to Promote Higher-Level and Higher-Quality Efforts in Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction

A national priority for promotion! These low-carbon technologies are suitable for the chemical industry.

Release time:

2025-02-13

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Recently, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and four other departments released the “Catalog of Nationally Key Promoted Low-Carbon Technologies (Fifth Batch),” which includes 103 low-carbon technologies across five key areas, over 20 of which are applicable to the oil and chemical industries.

　　Technologies suitable for the green and low-carbon transformation of the energy sector in the petrochemical industry include: biomass-based clean and efficient heating technology; sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production—airworthiness certification, blending, storage, transportation, refueling, and application—along with a full-chain low-carbon technology addressing the carbon footprint; and equipment for bio-natural gas production, liquefaction, and carbon capture.

　　Biomass clean and efficient heating technology uses biomass as fuel and employs a stepped reciprocating grate technology. For different types of fuel, the grate movement speed is optimized accordingly. The furnace’s heating surface and the three-pass flue gas duct structure have been uniquely designed to maximize the radiative heating area, ensuring complete fuel combustion and significantly improving the overall boiler efficiency. The heating surfaces are subjected to longitudinal flue gas scouring, which greatly reduces ash accumulation and extends the boiler’s continuous operating time. This technology also incorporates low-nitrogen combustion techniques: air supply for biomass fuel combustion is provided in stages by separate fans, allowing precise control of combustion temperature and oxygen levels, thereby reducing the initial formation of NOx.

　　Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Production—Airworthiness Verification and Blending—Storage, Transportation, and Refueling—Application: A Full-Chain Low-Carbon Technology Utilizing HEFA (Hydrogenation of Esters and Fatty Acids) Technology to Hydrogenate Triglycerides, Saturated, and Unsaturated Fatty Acids Found in Vegetable Oils, Culinary Wastewater Oils, and Animal Fats, thereby Producing Aviation Biofuel. Based on physicochemical performance and characterization verification methods, we will conduct comprehensive validation of the physicochemical properties and characteristics of various new SAF feedstocks and carry out experimental studies on aviation fuel materials. We will also implement SAF storage, transportation, and refueling quality management technologies and a reporting system to ensure the consistent quality and safety of SAF throughout the entire storage, transportation, and refueling chain, and perform verification of SAF blending ratios.

　　The technology application of biogas-to-biomethane production, liquefaction, and carbon capture equipment integrates a high-temperature anaerobic fermentation process with a combined heat recovery system, shortening the digestion retention time and enhancing the gas yield from fermentation. A process has been developed—suitable for upgrading, purifying, and liquefying biogas—that employs a PSA-based crude decarbonization stage followed by a series of MDEA amine-based fine decarbonization stages, thereby improving the overall biomethane recovery rate and increasing the methane concentration. A single-stage, two-stage mixed refrigerant process is adopted for biomethane liquefaction, and genetic algorithms and BOX algorithms are used to optimize the mix ratio of the refrigerants and the system’s operational parameters, thus reducing liquefaction energy consumption. An intelligent management system and a smart energy management system tailored specifically for biomethane production, liquefaction, and carbon capture have been developed, establishing an intelligent management and operation platform to achieve digital and automated management.

　　Carbon-reduction technologies applicable to the industrial sector—and particularly suitable for the petrochemical industry—include: biofermentation technology for producing ethanol from steel industry off-gas; miniaturized supercritical safe and clean coal gas power generation technology; carbon dioxide resource utilization technology that couples sodium sulfate wastewater/waste salt to produce sodium bicarbonate; large-scale green and low-carbon soda ash production technology; high-frequency, high-voltage, intelligent control technology for electrostatic precipitators; high-efficiency power generation technology for industrial gas internal combustion engines; green and low-carbon process reengineering technology for refining and chemical production aimed at maximizing the yield of chemical products; and integrated utilization technology for low- and medium-temperature waste heat in chemical distillation processes.

　　The biofermentation technology for producing ethanol from steel industry off-gas is a biotechnological process that uses gases as feedstock. The primary components of these gases include H₂, CO, and CO₂. Through microbial metabolic reactions, this technology produces ethanol and novel feed-grade proteins. Depending on the composition of the feedstock gas, this technology is categorized into first-generation and second-generation systems. The first-generation technology efficiently converts CO-rich feedstock gases into ethanol, with each mole of CO converted yielding one mole of ethanol and releasing four moles of CO₂, thereby achieving a 33% reduction in CO₂ emissions. Building upon the first-generation technology, the second-generation system further enhances the efficiency of converting feedstock gases containing H₂, CO, and CO₂, enabling even greater fixation of CO₂.

　　Cellulosic fuel ethanol production technology utilizes raw-material pretreatment technologies such as steam explosion equipment, high-concentration enzymatic saccharification and viscosity-reducing techniques, co-fermentation yeast technology, wastewater reuse methods, and lignin residue utilization technologies. Using corn stover as the feedstock, the process comprises several stages: feedstock preparation, pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, fermentation, distillation, separation, and evaporation, ultimately producing cellulosic fuel ethanol.

　　The miniaturized supercritical, safe, and clean coal-gas power generation technology involves feeding surplus coal gas into a gas-fired boiler for combustion, generating steam that is then sent to a steam turbine to produce electricity. To further enhance the efficiency of the unit, a reheat technology is employed: the steam, which has already done some work in the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, is reintroduced into the boiler’s reheater to restore its temperature before being sent back to the steam turbine for power generation.

　　The energy-saving technology for mesoporous thermal insulation materials is based on a composite approach that uses mesoporous materials as the core thermal insulation component, supplemented by various inorganic fibers and additives, to produce thermal insulation materials. This technology enables an upgrade and replacement of nanoporous aerogel thermal insulation materials.

　　A large-scale green and low-carbon soda ash technology has developed a complete set of large-scale equipment and new energy-saving devices, significantly reducing the overall energy consumption in soda ash production. The core technologies include: scaling up the carbonation tower—the key piece of equipment in the soda ash industry—and optimizing operational parameters to reduce the consumption of primary raw materials, NaCl and CO₂; scaling up the ammonium chloride crystallizer—the industry’s core equipment—and refining and optimizing operating parameters to improve crystal quality, extend equipment service life, and lower steam consumption for ammonium chloride drying; for the first time in the industry, adopting an energy-efficient powder-flow method to cool light ash products; implementing a liquid ammonia evaporation external cooler coupled with an axial-flow cleaning pump technology, which effectively shortens cleaning time and enhances cleaning efficiency; and utilizing staged flash evaporation of steam condensate to recover waste heat from the steam condensate. Additionally, the light ash calcination process employs a self-recirculating alkali vapor calciner.

　　The technology for the resource utilization of carbon dioxide, coupled with the production of sodium bicarbonate from sodium sulfate wastewater/waste salt, uses high-salt sodium sulfate wastewater or waste salt generated by the chemical industry as raw materials. By coupling this with industrial byproduct carbon dioxide and liquid ammonia in a metathesis reaction, sodium bicarbonate is produced concurrently with ammonium sulfate, thereby achieving comprehensive utilization of large volumes of low-value solid sodium sulfate waste.

　　The water-cooled wall–directly connected waste-heat gasifier technology for coal-water slurry involves feeding the coal-water slurry feedstock and oxidant into the gasifier’s combustion chamber from the top via a combined-process burner. After atomization, the coal-water slurry reacts with oxygen in the high-temperature and high-pressure environment of the combustion chamber, undergoing an oxidation-reduction reaction that produces synthesis gas primarily composed of CO and H₂. The combustion chamber lining of the gasifier features vertically suspended, naturally circulating membrane-type water-cooled walls. Thanks to the slag-forming protection provided by the water-cooled wall surfaces, the gasification temperature can be raised to over 1500℃.

　　The high-frequency, high-voltage intelligent control technology used in electrostatic precipitators converts a three-phase power supply at industrial frequency into direct current via rectification, then transforms it into high-frequency alternating current through an inverter circuit. After being stepped up and rectified by a rectifier transformer, this high-frequency pulsating current is delivered to the dust collector. The operating frequency of this system can reach 20 kHz to 50 kHz, and the dust removal efficiency can attain as high as 99.99%.

　　The high-efficiency power generation technology for industrial gas internal combustion engines involves purifying and dust-removing industrial exhaust gases, then using a gas-fired internal combustion generator set to achieve efficient combustion, thereby producing both electrical and thermal energy. A multi-objective control model has been developed for the stable combustion of low-calorific-value combustible gases. A low-pressure, resistance-based, high-efficiency gas-mixing device has been designed to reduce mixing losses between gas and air. A feedforward-feedback control strategy based on gas-source information has been adopted to minimize the impact of fluctuations in gas composition on combustion performance. By coupling digital high-energy ignition technology with turbulent kinetic energy in the combustion chamber, a homogeneous, lean, low-temperature, highly efficient, and clean combustion system has been developed.

　　The permanent-magnet eddy-current flexible transmission energy-saving technology leverages the magnetic field of rare-earth permanent magnets to drive the load, enabling non-contact torque transmission between the motor and the load and facilitating airborne energy transfer. This technology offers advantages such as low carbon emissions, energy efficiency, safety and reliability, and environmental friendliness. Specific products include “permanent-magnet couplings” and “permanent-magnet speed controllers,” which can enhance the overall energy efficiency of motor systems, reduce maintenance costs, and extend the service life of motor systems.

　　The revamped refining and chemical production process, featuring a suite of green and low-carbon technologies, integrates advanced technologies such as slurry-bed residue hydrocracking, heavy oil catalytic cracking, diesel separation and efficient conversion, countercurrent reforming, high-efficiency low-carbon aromatics technology, light hydrocarbon integration, and direct steam cracking of crude oil—enabling a significant reduction in unit energy consumption and carbon emissions per ton of crude oil processed while maximizing the production of chemical products.

　　In the research and application of technologies for the comprehensive utilization of low- and medium-temperature waste heat in chemical distillation, a high-temperature, high-pressure centrifugal steam compressor has been developed, enabling highly efficient recovery and utilization of steam waste heat in distillation processes within the chemical industry. The core equipment of this technology—the high-temperature, high-pressure centrifugal steam compressor—has achieved breakthroughs in several key areas: the double-impeller back-to-back arrangement, the technology for controlling superheat at the compressor inlet, a novel three-dimensional uniform loading design method for high-speed centrifugal impellers, a self-regenerative nitrogen-sealed sealing technology, and a fully automatic compressor control system.

　　Carbon storage and sequestration technologies applicable to the petrochemical industry include: low-cost, high-efficiency carbon capture and utilization technologies; advanced, low-energy-consumption carbon dioxide capture technologies; and complete sets of low-energy-consumption carbon capture technologies for flue gases from coal-fired power plants.

　　A low-cost, high-efficiency carbon capture and utilization technology has been proposed, featuring a technical approach that synthesizes solid waste-derived solid-state amine materials from industrial solid wastes and uses them in situ for CO₂ capture from industrial sources. Key equipment for the application of solid-state amine CO₂ capture materials has also been developed. Furthermore, a CO₂ mineralization-based solid-carbon-concrete technology has been established, leveraging the synergistic utilization of solid wastes. This technology not only helps to dispose of industrial solid wastes but also reduces carbon emissions by more than 20%, with production costs being over 30% lower than those of conventional silicate cement concrete.

　　The advanced, low-energy CO₂ capture technology is based on the development of a phase-change CO₂ absorbent that achieves self-driven extraction and concentration with low energy consumption. Under low-temperature conditions, CO₂ chemically reacts with this absorbent to form unstable salts; when heated under high-temperature conditions, these salts release CO₂ again.

　　In the research and development of a complete set of technologies for carbon capture from flue gas of low-energy-consumption coal-fired power plants, an advanced, low-energy-comsumption composite amine-based absorbent has been developed. The process flow of the chemical absorption method has been optimized, further reducing the regeneration heat consumption and overall power consumption of the carbon capture system compared to the previously optimized process. Meanwhile, an integrated, intelligent gas supply control system has been developed at the end-of-line stage.

　　Technologies that leverage digital intelligence and are applicable to the petrochemical industry include intelligent carbon emission monitoring and big data management technologies based on industrial internet identifiers.

　　Based on industrial internet identifiers, the intelligent monitoring of carbon emissions and big data management technology leverages next-generation information technologies such as the industrial internet, Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, industrial vision, and edge computing. Grounded in greenhouse gas emission accounting methodologies and standards, this technology develops IoT-based intelligent monitoring and big data management solutions for carbon emissions, along with integrated hardware and software products. It enables faster and smarter acquisition of carbon emission data throughout the entire production process of an organization, achieving penetrating, fine-grained monitoring and digital, intelligent management of carbon emissions under various requirements and in diverse scenarios. As a result, the organization’s real-time monitoring and management capabilities for carbon emissions have been significantly enhanced.

　　For non-CO₂ emission reduction in the petrochemical industry, the following technologies are applicable: the green resource-based conversion and utilization technology for trifluoromethane, a strong greenhouse gas regulated under the convention; the low-temperature catalytic decomposition and elimination technology for nitrous oxide generated during adipic acid production; the pressure swing adsorption concentration and utilization technology for low-concentration coalbed methane; the ultra-low-concentration drainage and ventilation gas oxidation utilization technology; and the key technologies for methane emission reduction at compressor stations.

　　The conventionally controlled, high-greenhouse-gas-emitting trifluoromethane green resource conversion and utilization technology employs a catalyst to facilitate an intermolecular fluorine-chlorine exchange reaction between trifluoromethane (HFC-23) and chloroform, thereby producing difluorochloromethane (HCFC-22) and monofluorodichloromethane (HCFC-21). We are developing an HFC-23 conversion cycle coupling process suitable for industrial-scale applications and constructing a highly selective and long-lived fluorine-chlorine exchange catalyst system.

　　The low-temperature catalytic decomposition and removal technology for nitrous oxide in the adipic acid production process uses the N₂O-containing tail gas from the nitrous gas absorption tower in the adipic acid plant as the feed gas. Under the action of a catalyst, nitrous oxide is decomposed into N₂ and O₂, and the residual heat from the high-temperature gas is subsequently recovered in the downstream process. The conversion rate of N₂O to N₂ and O₂ via catalytic decomposition exceeds 95%.

　　The low-concentration coalbed methane pressure swing adsorption (PSA) concentration technology leverages the property of carbon molecular sieves—adsorbents—that exhibit different adsorption capacities, adsorption rates, and adsorption forces for various components in coalbed methane at different partial pressures. Moreover, under a certain pressure, these adsorbents selectively adsorb specific components in the gas mixture, thereby purifying the coalbed methane and regenerating the adsorbent. The key technologies involved include: the PSA concentration and separation process technology, as well as the preparation technology for carbon molecular sieves.

　　The ultra-low-concentration gas extraction and ventilation-air methane oxidation utilization technology, without affecting the coal mine’s existing gas drainage system, collects the ultra-low-concentration gas extracted from coal mines and vented through ventilation air via negative pressure. After mixing this gas with other sources to achieve a methane concentration of 1.2%, it is transported to a dedicated oxidation unit. Once mixed, the methane enters the oxidation unit, where it undergoes flameless oxidation instantly at temperatures exceeding 900°C. The high-temperature steam generated during this process is used for heating and to drive a steam turbine for power generation, thereby achieving combined heat and power (CHP) production.

　　The key technologies for methane emission reduction at compressor stations target the venting of gas from compressor stations. By redesigning and modifying the process flow of compressor stations, a recovery system is employed to pressurize and reinject into the compressor inlet manifold the natural gas that would otherwise be released during compressor shutdowns and pressure relief or during dry-gas seal venting. For methane leakage from compressor station components, a five-step cyclical management approach—comprising “detection, quantification, consequence assessment—repair cost-benefit analysis, repair, and post-repair evaluation”—is adopted. Utilizing portable devices and management software, this approach enables precise measurement of methane leakage at sealing points, assessment of leak repair effectiveness, and continuous monitoring of repair outcomes, thereby effectively reducing methane emissions and leakage.

The coal-based nitrogen fertilizer co-production LNG liquid nitrogen washing process has passed the scientific and technological achievement appraisal by the China Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry Association.

Notice from the China Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry Association on Soliciting Comments on Five Standards, Including “Humic Acid-Enhanced Urea”